Every time we buy something, we are making a choice about what kind of world we want to live in. Ethical consumption means being aware of the social and environmental impact of the products we buy. It means asking: who made this, under what conditions, and at what cost to the planet? In practice, this is complicated. Supply chains span multiple countries, making transparency difficult. Greenwashing — companies making false or exaggerated environmental claims — makes it hard for consumers to make informed choices. Critics argue that individual consumer choice is no substitute for systemic regulation. But supporters of ethical consumption maintain that purchasing power is a form of political power, and that consumer pressure has driven real change in corporate behaviour.
💡 Did you know? The Fair Trade certification movement started in the 1980s. Today, over 1.8 million farmers and workers in 75 countries benefit from Fair Trade standards.
Topic: Consumer Responsibility
Key words
Vocabulary
01
ethical
morally right and fair according to accepted principles
02
supply chain
the sequence of steps involved in producing and delivering a product
03
exploitation
treating people unfairly to gain an advantage
04
greenwashing
falsely presenting a company or product as environmentally friendly
05
boycott
to refuse to buy from or engage with a company as a protest
06
transparency
openness and honesty about business practices
07
conscious
being aware of and deliberate about decisions and their impact
08
certify
to officially confirm something meets a standard
09
disposable
designed to be thrown away after use
010
accountability
the obligation to accept responsibility for one's actions
Match the Words
Click a word on the left, then click its definition on the right.
ethical
supply chain
exploitation
greenwashing
boycott
transparency
conscious
certify
disposable
accountability
to officially confirm something meets a standard
falsely presenting a company or product as environmentally friendly
treating people unfairly to gain an advantage
designed to be thrown away after use
openness and honesty about business practices
being aware of and deliberate about decisions and their impact
the obligation to accept responsibility for one's actions
to refuse to buy from or engage with a company as a protest
morally right and fair according to accepted principles
the sequence of steps involved in producing and delivering a product
Say it right
Pronunciation
ethical
ETH-ical
supply chain
SUPPLY chain
exploitation
EXPL-oita-tion
greenwashing
GREE-nwas-hing
boycott
BOY-cott
transparency
TRAN-spar-ency
Read & Discuss
Short Dialogue
A:
I've been thinking a lot about ethical recently.
B:
Really? What's your take on it?
A:
I think the issue of supply chain is often misunderstood.
B:
I agree. Most people don't consider the impact of exploitation.
A:
Exactly. And when you add greenwashing into the mix, it gets complicated.
B:
So what do you think the solution is?
A:
Honestly? It requires both individual action and systemic change.
B:
That's a fair point. It's never just one or the other.
Comprehension
What topic are they discussing?
What does person B agree with?
What does person A say the solution requires?
Practice
Exercises
Gap Fill
Complete each sentence using vocabulary from today's lesson.
1. They only source materials for their products.
2. The company audited its entire for labour violations.
3. Labour is common in fast fashion supply chains.
4. The 'eco' label was criticised as .
5. Consumers called for a after the scandal.
Error Correction
Find and correct the mistake in each sentence.
The ethical of data has raise serious concerns.
Despite of the challenges, they succeeded.
The report, that was published last year, is relevant.
She suggested to review the greenwashing more carefully.
Speaking practice
Speaking Prompts
Discuss with your partner
Do you consider yourself an ethical consumer? What choices do you make — or avoid?
Is greenwashing dishonest marketing, or just smart business? Discuss.
Should governments regulate corporate ethics more strictly, or should the market decide?
Summarise today's topic in 3 sentences using vocabulary from this lesson.
Grammar focus: Passive with complex tenses for formal argument: Products are being manufactured... — can you give an example?
Open discussion
Discussion Generator
More Questions
Use with pairs or whole class · Encourage full answers
Write a persuasive letter (10-12 sentences) to a company whose practices you find unethical. Make specific demands and explain the consequences if they do not act.